烟草在线据《俄罗斯政府公报》报道编译　　卫生部制订了一部严厉的反烟法案，将禁止在公共场所吸烟并取消机构、医院和咖啡馆的吸烟区。该草案将在秋季提交给国家杜马批准。

　　俄罗斯当局通过一项限制吸烟法已经有11年了，俄罗斯批准世界卫生组织的反烟公约已经有4年了，普京签署了《限制烟草消费的政府理念》已经2年了。然而，据国际消费者联盟的负责人德米特里·亚宁，俄罗斯依然是世界上烟瘾最重的国家之一。据亚宁提供的数据显示，高达60%的俄罗斯男性和22%的女性吸烟，其中85%的烟民是在20岁之前开始吸烟的。

　　“尽管种族之间差异巨大，但是俄罗斯是仅次于中国的第二大烟草市场，”亚宁说。“因此难怪制造商如此强硬地攻击卫生部制订的烟草消费的新草案。”

　　草案并不是新的：一年前，该草案文档被拿出来在当时被称为公共卫生部和社会发展部的官方网站上讨论。在2012年5月20日，新成立的卫生部的负责人把法律草案提交给了政府，但是2天后，在经济发展和贸易部、工业和贸易部以及农业部的坚持下，草案被送回来进行进一步的完善。这些机构认为，严格禁止将会对烟草制造商产生不利影响。包括菲莫和英美烟草在内的主要市场参与者的代表，对根据新法律小零售店所有者可能被禁止进行卷烟贸易表示关注。在俄罗斯大约有100万个这样的零售店。

　　更严厉的反烟禁令的支持者，如《商业俄罗斯》的副总裁兼政府专家委员会的成员亚历山大·奥西波夫，看到了烟草游说者在反对草案方面的影响。“总之，俄罗斯商业只会受益于这些禁令，”奥西波夫说。“在一年中，吸烟员工平均花费总共大约一个月时间吸烟休息。在因吸烟病倒之前，他或她需要请很多的病假——他们的治疗费用部分地由他们雇主承担。”

　　卫生部中该计划的支持者引用欧洲和美国的例子显示，最终目的是营造全面禁烟环境的限制吸烟的举措是全球趋势。卫生部长瓦伦尼卡·斯科沃尔左娃说，10月17日将再次把俄罗斯的措施提交给政府考虑，如果成功的话，将提交给国家杜马批准。

A Final Warning to Russian Smokers

　　The Ministry of Health has developed a harsh draft anti-tobacco law that would ban smoking in public areas and remove smoking areas from institutions, hospitals and cafés. The draft will be submitted to the State Duma during the fall session.

　　It has been 11 years since the Russian authorities passed a law limiting smoking, four years since Russia ratified the anti-tobacco convention of the World Health Organization, and two years since Vladimir Putin signed the Governmental Concept for Restriction of Tobacco Consumption. Nevertheless, according to Dmitry Yanin, the head of the international Confederation of Consumer, Russia remains one of the heaviest smoking countries in the world. According to Yanin's data, up to 60 percent of Russian men and 22 percent of women smoke, and the 85 percent of them began smoking before they turned 20.

　　"Russia is the second largest tobacco market after China, even despite the huge difference in their populations," Yanin said. "So it's no wonder that manufacturers so forcefully attack the new draft bill on tobacco consumption developed by the Ministry of Health."

　　The draft bill is not really new: a year ago the document was put up for discussion at the official site of the agency, which was then called the Ministry of Public Health and Social Development. On May 20, 2012 the head of the newly formed Ministry of Health submitted the draft law to the government, but two days later the document was sent back for further development at the insistence of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Agriculture. These agencies believe that strict bans will have an adverse effect on tobacco manufacturers. Representatives of major market players, including Philip Morris and British American Tobacco, have expressed concern about owners of small-scale retail outlets who could be banned from cigarette trade by the new law. There are about one million such outlets in Russia.

　　Supporters of stricter anti-tobacco bans, such as Alexander Osipov, the vice president of Business Russia and a member of a governmental expert council, see the influence of tobacco lobbyists in the opposition to the draft bill. "All in all, Russian business will only benefit from these bans," Osipov said. "An average smoking worker takes a total of about a month worth of smoke breaks during a year. And before succumbing to the effects of smoking, he or she takes a lot of sick leaves - and their treatment is partly covered at the expense of their employers as well."

　　Restricting smoking with the intention of eventually creating a total ban on the practice is a global trend, say the supporters of the initiative of the Ministry of Health, citing examples in Europe and the United States. Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova says that the Russian measures will once again be submitted for the consideration to the Government on Oct. 17, and if successful, will be submitted to the State Duma. Enditem